للمساهمة في دعم المكتبة الشاملة

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This was a result of their penetration within the Sudanese society with its customs that were inherited along its history.

They could also develop these. Costumes in away that got it in cores pendence with Islam instructions.

This study contains an introduction and five chapters. The introduction dealt with the up rise of the Arab Kingdoms and Maskiakhiat in the Nile valley in the Sudan tracing the human roots and the geographical Factors surrounding them.

Chapter one dealt with the “ Fong “ and their role in the Islamic struggle (jihad) the history of their kingdom, their income, then comparative study about the cultural role. They contributed.

Chapter Two introduced the political systems in these organizations, kingdoms and Mashiakhiat and their outer and inner relations. It also had a comparative study on these regimes and relations which clarified the policy kingdoms and Maskiakhiat had taken on burden.

Chapter three is dedicated for the economic activities, and the comparative study showed the range of economic development of these kingdoms and that some of them had in a high degree in the industrial development.

As for chapter four it introduced the cultural activities and comparative study introduced cultural cities that were in great prosperity at that time, and the Sufia groups and chair role in the Sudanese society.

Chapter Five dealt with the social status in these kingdoms and through the comparative study the research has reached much of the customs that prevailed in the Nile valley society and had great effects on society.

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