للمساهمة في دعم المكتبة الشاملة

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ثانيًا: المصادر والمراجع الأجنبية:

- De Gaury, Gerald: Rulers of Mecca. London Geogrge G. Harrap& Co. lid.

- Doughty, CH, M: Travels in Arabia Desert, ٢ vols, London, ١٩.

- Fishel< W. B.: The Middle East, London ١٩٣٦.

Herodotus: Book II (L.C.L) .

Huzayyin, S.A.: (Arabia and the far East. Cairo ١٩٤٢.

Lammens: La Mecque a la veille de L' Hegire. Bayrouth ١٩٢٤.

La republique Marchand de la Mecque.

Les Abeh et L' Organisation militaire de la Mecque au ecls/a de L' He gire J. A. ١٩١٦. P. ٤٢٥- ٤٨٢.

- Muir, William: The life of Muhammad & History of Islam to the Era of the Hergira. London, ١٨٥٨.

- O' Leary, de lacy, D.D.: rabia before Muhammad, London ١٩٢٧.

- Ptoemy: Geography, (L.G.L) .

- Smith, W. Robertson: Kinship& Marriage in Early Arabia. London, ١٩٠٣.

- Twitchell, K.S.: Saudi Arabia with an Account of Development of its Natural Resources, Princeton, ١٩٥٣.

- Watt. W. Montgomery: Muhammad at Mecca. Muhammad at Medina. Oxford, ١٩٥٦.

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