"fsilverfromcheap ermaterials, especiallycopper, orwith bringingaboutext ernalandsuperfic ialchangesincolo urinthecheaperan dbasermetal. the contentsofthetre atiseremindoneof thoseoftheegypti anpapyrusmanuscr iptsonthesame subjectdescribed byberthelotinhis archeologieethis toiredessciences (pp. ٢٦٦ - ٣٠٧) withthis differencethat, whereasthelatter wereintendedfort heguidanceofarti sans, thearabicworks areessentiallypr acticaltreatises onnaturalphiloso phy, writteninthecaus eoftheadvancemen t ofscience, andnotthereforep rimarilyforthepu rposeofamassingw ealthbyfaudulent means. fromtheelaborate detailsgiveninth einas- sanahitseemsfair lyobviousthatthe authorhad actuallypersonal lytestedthevario usprocesseshedes cribes ... " ... the'ainas- san', asitsnameimplies, containstheessen tialofthechemica lknowledgeofthe llthcentury, withsomepractica lhintsforaidingt heworkers. theseventhchapte rofthebook inparticularcont ainseasyprocesse sineveryusefulbr anchoftheartasit prevailedatthatt ime. thescopeofchemic alscienceinthemi ddleeastwasthena lmostentirelycon finedtoastudyof thecommonmetalsa ndguidedmainlyby thepossibilityof effectingthetran smutationofbaser metalsintogoldan dsilver- theavowedobjecto fthealchemicalar t. itisthereforenot atallsur- prisingthattheme thodsdescribedin thechpterunderco nsiderationareap parentlyconcerne d withproducingpas sableimitationso
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